VAO Frequently Asked Questions

Click on one of the question links below to go to the answer to that question.

1) What is the VAO?
2) Why do astronomers need the VAO?
3) What new discoveries will come from the VAO?
4) How will the VAO benefit other branches of science?
5) Where is the VAO located?
6) How will the VAO benefit the general public?
7) How will we know that the VAO is a success?
8) How can I get data using the VAO?
9) As a teacher, what resources are available to me via the VAO?
10) What is the VAO doing to help interested citizens do science?

1) What is the VAO?

The Virtual Astronomical Observatory (VAO) is an effort to make all the astronomy data in the world easy to access, using a simple set of web interfaces. The VAO provides resources to let users search and analyze astronomical data that already exists in archives across the globe. For more information, see the What is the VAO? Section.

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2) Why do astronomers need the VAO?

As astronomers build more telescopes, the amount of data they collect increases exponentially. Astronomers are carefully studying each piece of data they collect, but data are most useful when studied along with other, related data. Today, so much data is being collected that astronomers cannot see or understand everyone else's data as well as their own. The VAO will let astronomers easily search for data, from all instruments at all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, that will help them understand the universe.

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3) What new discoveries will come from the VAO?

First, the VAO will allow scientists to compare huge amounts of data from all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to gamma rays. Comparing these separate datasets will allow astronomers to systematically compare what sky objects look like in various wavelengths, leading to a more complete understanding of the universe. Such multiwavelength studies will help astronomers understand the distribution of stars in our galaxy, how and why stars and galaxies change with time, and the large-scale structure of the universe. Second, some types of sky objects are so rare and unusual that astronomers have not seen enough examples to understand them. With the search tools that the VAO will offer, astronomers will be able to quickly sort through huge amounts of data, finding the most unusual objects quickly. And since the VAO offers access to so much data, there will be more such objects to find. Earlier versions of tools available via the VAO have already found several new brown dwarfs, and will likely find more rare objects, such as faint quasars and gamma-ray bursts.

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4) How will the VAO benefit other branches of science?

Many other areas of science are running into the same problems as astronomy — these sciences are discovering so much data that individual scientists cannot be aware of all the other data in their field. Biologists have found the entire genetic sequence of organisms, oceanographers have measured data from ocean tracking stations all over the world, and particle physicists have conducted millions of experiments in particle accelerators. All of these sciences need ways to organize and understand huge sets of data, and the tools of the VAO can provide models for these other projects.

In addition, computer science can benefit from the VAO. Computer scientists are interested in developing new theories and methods for understanding data. Astronomy data make a good resource for testing these methods, because astronomy data are freely available, complex, and numerous.

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5) Where is the VAO located?

The VAO does not bring data together to a single location. Rather, the VAO provides tools for accessing and searching existing data. The data remain where they are, on data servers all over the United States and the world. The astronomers and computer programmers developing the VAO are equally spread out around the country and work in collaboration with virtual observatory developers from other countries developing their own national virtual observatories. Together, the VAO and other virtual observatories around the globe make up the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). It is important that all data, no matter where it is stored, is accessible from anybody in the world, and the IVOA works to ensure this happens. So, the VAO cannot be said to have any central location at all — its effort is distributed nationally, and globally, as only an Internet-based project can be.

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6) How will the VAO benefit the general public?

All of the data organized by the VAO, and all of the VAO's tools, are available to the general public. This means that everybody has access to the same tools that enable astronomers to make world-changing discoveries. The VAO is also developing and utilizing existing specific virtual observatory tools geared towards the public, students, and educators. These tools will grant access to images from the greatest ground and space-based telescopes via easy-to-use interfaces. Such tools include Microsoft's WorldWide Telescope and the Euro-VO Aladin software. For more information on the VAO education and public outreach efforts, see the What is the VAO? section and the Partners section.

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7) How will we know that the VAO is a success?

The measure of the VAO's success is its usefulness to astronomers and to the public. A successful VAO will see its tools used regularly by astronomers, meaning that research projects that used to take months can be finished in hours. It will also be used regularly by the public to get the latest astronomy data, everywhere in the sky and at all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. A successful VAO will be used so often that it will be taken for granted, just like successful web search engines today.

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8) How can I get data using the VAO?

For professional astronomers and those interested in using the tools used by professional astronomers, see the VAO professional astronomer site at usvao.org. For students, educators, and the general audience, examples of accessing data using the VAO can be found in the Use the VAO Now section. Check back frequently for more ways to obtain and interact with data from the greatest ground and space-based telescopes.

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9) As a teacher, what resources are available to me via the VAO?

The VAO is actively developing formal education content for the high school and community college levels. We are partnering with Microsoft's WorldWide Telescope, the Microsoft WorldWide Telescope Ambassadors program, and the Euro-VO to develop formal education materials. Check the What is the VAO? section and the Partners section for more information. Be sure to check back here frequently for updated content.

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10) What is the VAO doing to help interested citizens do science?

The VAO has an active informal education and citizen science program. We are working with the largest aggregate site of astronomy citizen science projects — Zooniverse, to bring VAO functionality to the average user. We are working with the NASA Night Sky Network to find ways in which we can bring the unique capabilities of the VAO to amateur astronomers. For more information, see the What is the VAO? section and the Partners section.

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